Effects of Locally Delivered Morin Hydrate on Iodoacetate-induced Temporomandibular Joint Osteoarthritis in Rats / Efeitos locais da indução de Hidrato de Morina na articulação temporomandibular de ratos com osteoartrite induzida por Iodoacetato

Objectives: morin hydrate has been reported to possess many beneficial pharmacological potentialities including antioxidant and anti-osteoarthritic effects. The anti-osteoarthritic properties of locally administrated morin have not been investigated. The objective of this study is to evaluate the locally delivered morin on the temporomandibular joint osteoarthritis in rat. Materials and methods: thirty young adult female Sprague Dawley rats were randomly arranged into three groups; control, osteoarthritis and osteoarthritis with morin. Both the iodoacetate for osteoarthritis induction and morin hydrate therapy were delivered unilaterally via intra-articular route. Results: morin reduced osteoarthritis manifestations with prominent thickening of both condylar fibrous layer and articular disc accompanied with discal cells hypertrophy that ultimately acquired chondrocytes features. The condylar cartilage matrix showed enhancement of extracellular matrix production with morin administration. Discussion: the present studyhas elucidated antiosteoarthritic effect of intra articular injection of morin hydrate. Although morin has managed to prevent the propagation and advancing some of the recorded osteoarthritic manifestations; however, it showed some failure in managing others. The administration of morin hydrate modulated the structure of the joint rather than restore it back to its typical configuration. Conclusion: the morin hydrate administration to osteoarthritic animals showed relieve in some of osteoarthritic features and modulated the structure of some joint components to compensate the unhandled manifestations (AU)

Objetivo: Relata-se que o Hidrato de Morina possui diversas potencialidades farmacológicas benéficas, incluindo efeitos antioxidantes e anti-osteoartríticos. As propriedades antiosteoartríticas da morina administrada localmente não foram investigadas. O objetivo deste estudo é avaliar a Morina administrada localmente sobre a osteoartrite da articulação temporomandibular em ratos. Material e métodos: Trinta ratos adultos jovens de linhagem Sprague Dawley foram dispostos aleatoriamente em três grupos: grupo controle, grupo com osteoartrite e grupo com osteoartrite e Morina. Tanto o Iodoacetato para a indução da osteoartrite como a terapia com Hidrato de Morina foram administrados unilateralmente por via intra-articular. Resultados: A Morina reduziu as manifestações da osteoartrite com espessamento proeminente tanto da camada fibrosa condilar como do disco articular acompanhado de hipertrofia das células discais que acabaram por adquirir características condrócitas. A matriz da cartilagem condilar mostrou um aumento da produção de matriz extracelular com administração de Morina. Discussão: O presente estudo elucidou o efeito antiosteoartrítico da injeção intra-articular de Hidrato de Morina. Apesar da Morina ter impedido a propagação e o avanço de algumas das manifestações osteoartríticas registadas, mostrou algumas falhas na manipulação de outras. A administração de Hidrato de Morina modulou a estrutura da articulação em vez de restaurar à sua configuração típica. Conclusão: A administração de Hidratode Morina em animais osteoartríticos mostrou alívio em algumas das características osteoartríticas e modulou a estrutura de alguns componentes da articulação em compensação às manifestações não tratadas. (AU)

CBCT analysis of rabbit temporomandibular joints with osteoarthrosis induced by monoiodoacetate and papain / Análisis por TCCB de la articulación temporomandibular de conejos con osteoartrosis inducida por monoiodoacetato y papaina

Osteoarthrosis (OA) is a degenerative disease characterized by loss of joint cartilage, remodelling of the subchondral bone, narrowing of joint spaces and the formation of osteophytes. Animal models are used to study the mechanisms of OA, as well as to test the effects of anti-osteoarthrosis drugs. The objective of the present study was to determine the changes identifiable by imaging techniques occurring in rabbit temporomandibular joints (TMJ) at 15, 25 and 45 days after OA inducement by monoiodoacetate (MIA) and papain. The imaging technology used was cone-beam computerised tomography (CBCT). The model animals were 22 young adult male New Zealand rabbits, divided randomly into three study groups: Four rabbits in the control group, nine in the papain experimental group and nine in the monoiodoacetate (MIA) experimental group. OA was induced by arthrocentesis in the lower compartment of both TMJs. The rabbits were examined by CBCT at 15, 25 and 45 days after the injection of MIA and papain. The mandibular condyles presented loss of their rounded shape, deformation of the condyle or mandibular fossa, cortical irregularity, cortical wear and changes in the dimensions of the condyle. OA induction by MIA and papain generates changes observable by CBCT in the dimensions of the mandibular condyle in rabbits. Both inducers promote signs compatible with OA on the joint surfaces of the TMJ; MIA promotes more expressive changes.

La osteoartrosis (OA) es una enfermedad degenerativa caracterizada por la pérdida de cartílago articular, remodelación ósea subcondral, estrechamiento del espacio articular y formación de osteofitos. El modelo animal es utilizado para estudiar los mecanismos de la OA, así como testar el efecto de drogas anti-osteoartrosis. El objetivo de este estudio fue determinar los cambios imagenológicos, mediante tomografía computarizada cone-beam (TCCB), que se generan en 15, 25 y 45 días, luego de la inducción de OA por medio de Monoiodoacetato (MIA) y Papaína sobre la ATM de conejos. Fueron utilizados 22 conejos machos, adultos jóvenes, de raza New Zealand divididos aleatoriamente en 3 grupos de estudio: 4 conejos para un grupo control, 9 conejos para el grupo experimental con Papaína y 9 conejos para el grupo experimental con monoiodoacetato (MIA). Se realizó la inducción de OA por la técnica de artrocentesis en el compartimiento inferior de ambas ATMs. Se les realizó examen de TCCB en los días 15, 25 y 45 tras la inyección de MIA y de papaina. Los cóndilos mandibulares presentaron pérdida de forma redondeada de cóndilo, deformidad de cóndilo o fosa mandibular, irregularidad de corticales, desgaste de corticales, cambio de dimensiones de cóndilo. La inducción de OA por medio de MIA y papaína genera cambios en la dimensión del cóndilo mandibular de conejos observables a través de TCCB. Además, ambos inductores promueven signos compatibles con OA en las superficies articulares de la ATM, siendo que la MIA promueve cambios más expresivos.

"The group facilitates everything": meanings patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus assigned to health education groups / "O grupo facilita tudo": significados atribuídos por pacientes portadores de diabetes mellitus tipo 2 a grupos de educação em saúde / "El grupo facilita todo": significados atribuidos por pacientes con diabetes mellitus tipo 2 a grupos de educación para la salud

OBJECTIVE: to interpret the meanings patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus assign to health education groups. METHOD: ethnographic study conducted with Hyperdia groups of a healthcare unit with 26 informants, with type 2 diabetes mellitus, and having participated in the groups for at least three years. Participant observation, social characterization, discussion groups and semi-structured interviews were used to collect data. Data were analyzed through the thematic coding technique. RESULTS: four thematic categories emerged: ease of access to the service and healthcare workers; guidance on diabetes; participation in groups and the experience of diabetes; and sharing knowledge and experiences. The most relevant aspect of this study is the social use the informants in relation to the Hyperdia groups under study. CONCLUSION: the studied groups are agents producing senses and meanings concerning the process of becoming ill and the means of social navigation within the official health system. We expect this study to contribute to the actions of healthcare workers coordinating these groups given the observation of the cultural universe of these individuals seeking professional care in the various public health care services. .

OBJETIVO: interpretar os significados atribuídos por pacientes portadores de diabetes mellitus tipo 2 a grupos de educação em saúde. MÉTODO: estudo etnográfico em cinco grupos Hiperdia de um centro de saúde, com 26 informantes portadores de diabetes mellitus tipo 2 que participavam dos grupos há, no mínimo, três anos. Para coligir as informações, utilizaram-se observação participante, caracterização social, grupos de discussão e entrevistas semiestruturadas. Os dados foram analisados por meio da técnica de codificação temática. RESULTADOS: emergiram quatro categorias temáticas - facilidades de acesso ao serviço e profissionais de saúde, orientações sobre o diabetes, participação nos grupos e experiência com o diabetes e compartilhamento de saberes e experiências. O aspecto mais relevante deste estudo diz respeito aos usos sociais que os informantes conferiam aos grupos Hiperdia pesquisados. CONCLUSÃO: os grupos estudados mostraram-se como instâncias produtoras de sentidos e de significados, concernentes ao processo de adoecimento e aos modos de navegação social no interior do sistema oficial de saúde. Almeja-se que este estudo possa contribuir para as ações dos profissionais de saúde que atuam nesses grupos, tendo em vista a observação do universo cultural dos indivíduos que procuram por cuidado profissional, nos diversos serviços públicos de saúde. .

OBJETIVO: interpretar los significados atribuidos por pacientes con diabetes mellitus tipo 2 a los grupos de educación para la salud. MÉTODO: estudio etnográfico en cinco grupos Hiperdia de un centro de salud, con 26 informantes con diabetes mellitus tipo 2 que participaban de los grupos hace, por lo menos, tres años. Para recolectar las informaciones se utilizaron la observación participante, la caracterización social, los grupos de discusión y las entrevistas semiestructuradas. Los datos fueron analizados por medio de la técnica de codificación temática. RESULTADOS: surgieron cuatro categorías temáticas: facilidades de acceso al servicio y profesionales de la salud; orientaciones sobre la diabetes; participación en los grupos y experiencia con la diabetes; y, compartir conocimientos y experiencias. El aspecto más relevante de este estudio se refiere a los usos sociales que los informantes daban a los grupos Hiperdia investigados. CONCLUSIÓN: los grupos estudiados se mostraron capaces de producir sentidos y significados concernientes al proceso de enfermarse y a los modos de navegación social en el interior del sistema oficial de salud. El objetivo de este estudio es que pueda contribuir para las acciones de los profesionales de la salud que actúan en esos grupos, considerando la observación del universo cultural de los individuos que buscan cuidados profesionales en los diversos servicios públicos de salud. .

Grape seed proanthocyanidin extract ameliorates monosodium iodoacetate-induced osteoarthritis

Osteoarthritis (OA) is an age-related joint disease that is characterized by degeneration of articular cartilage and chronic pain. Oxidative stress is considered one of the pathophysiological factors in the progression of OA. We investigated the effects of grape seed proanthocyanidin extract (GSPE), which is an antioxidant, on monosodium iodoacetate (MIA)-induced arthritis of the knee joint of rat, which is an animal model of human OA. GSPE (100 mg/kg or 300 mg/kg) or saline was given orally three times per week for 4 weeks after the MIA injection. Pain was measured using the paw withdrawal latency (PWL), the paw withdrawal threshold (PWT) and the hind limb weight bearing ability. Joint damage was assessed using histological and microscopic analysis and microcomputerized tomography. Matrix metalloproteinase-13 (MMP13) and nitrotyrosine were detected using immunohistochemistry. Administration of GSPE to the MIA-treated rats significantly increased the PWL and PWT and this resulted in recovery of hind paw weight distribution (P < 0.05). GSPE reduced the loss of chondrocytes and proteoglycan, the production of MMP13, nitrotyrosine and IL-1beta and the formation of osteophytes, and it reduced the number of subchondral bone fractures in the MIA-treated rats. These results indicate that GSPE is antinociceptive and it is protective against joint damage in the MIA-treated rat model of OA. GSPE could open up novel avenues for the treatment of OA.

Grape seed proanthocyanidin extract ameliorates monosodium iodoacetate-induced osteoarthritis

Osteoarthritis (OA) is an age-related joint disease that is characterized by degeneration of articular cartilage and chronic pain. Oxidative stress is considered one of the pathophysiological factors in the progression of OA. We investigated the effects of grape seed proanthocyanidin extract (GSPE), which is an antioxidant, on monosodium iodoacetate (MIA)-induced arthritis of the knee joint of rat, which is an animal model of human OA. GSPE (100 mg/kg or 300 mg/kg) or saline was given orally three times per week for 4 weeks after the MIA injection. Pain was measured using the paw withdrawal latency (PWL), the paw withdrawal threshold (PWT) and the hind limb weight bearing ability. Joint damage was assessed using histological and microscopic analysis and microcomputerized tomography. Matrix metalloproteinase-13 (MMP13) and nitrotyrosine were detected using immunohistochemistry. Administration of GSPE to the MIA-treated rats significantly increased the PWL and PWT and this resulted in recovery of hind paw weight distribution (P < 0.05). GSPE reduced the loss of chondrocytes and proteoglycan, the production of MMP13, nitrotyrosine and IL-1beta and the formation of osteophytes, and it reduced the number of subchondral bone fractures in the MIA-treated rats. These results indicate that GSPE is antinociceptive and it is protective against joint damage in the MIA-treated rat model of OA. GSPE could open up novel avenues for the treatment of OA.

Positron emission tomography with special tracers in pulmonary abnormalities / 中华外科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To assess the value of positron emission tomography (PET) with (11)C-choline (CH), (11)C-methionine (MET), (18)F-fluorothymidine (FLT), and (11)C-acetate (AC) in diagnosis of pulmonary abnormalities and the features of pulmonary abnormalities in PET.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>From June 2002 to June 2007, 100 patients with pulmonary nodules or masses confirmed by CT scans received PET with special tracers. Fifty-eight patients received CH-PET, 16 patients received MET-PET, 22 patients received FLT-PET, 4 patients received AC-PET. PET data was analyzed by visual method and semiquantitative method with standard uptake value (SUV). Diagnoses were compared with pathology and follow-up survey.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>For identification of pulmonary neoplasms with CH-PET, the sensitivity, specificity and accuracy were 84.2% (32/38), 57.9% (11/19) and 75.4% (43/57). In cancer cases, SUV had no correlation with tumor size or age. For identification of pulmonary neoplasms with MET-PET, the sensitivity, specificity and accuracy were 6/7, 6/9 and 75.0% (12/16). In cancer cases, SUV had not correlation with tumor size or age. For identification of pulmonary neoplasms with FLT-PET, the sensitivity, specificity and accuracy were 85.7% (12/14), 2/8 and 63.6% (14/22). In cancer cases, SUV had not correlation with tumor size or age. In AC-PET, only 1 case of pulmonary metastasis of kidney clear cell carcinoma showed acetate avid. Two squamous cell carcinoma and 1 adenocarcinoma didn't appear abnormal in AC-PET.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>CH, MET, FLT, AC are valuable in diagnosing but also lead to false positive and false negative.</p>

Influence of commiphora mukul resin on the knee articular cartilage of rats in experimental osteoarthritis induced by iodoacetate

To investigate the influence of Commiphora mukul resin [guggul] on the knee articular cartilage of rats in experimental osteoarthritis. To induce osteoarthritis [OA], single intra-articular injection of MIA [1 mg] in the rat knee joints was performed. Histopathological changes in knee joints were observed after two weeks. The beneficial effect of guggul was studied, orally. The early OA characterized by areas of chondrocytes degeneration in the tibial plateaus and femorat condyles. Changes to the subchondral bone and proteog[ycane contents and synoviat cell proliferation, were observed. Administration of guggul prevented the negative effects of iodoacetate, dose dependently. Chondrocyte damages were significantly prevented and proteoglycane were less affected, especially in high guggul dose and no cell proliferation and inflammatory cell were detected in synovial. The effectiveness of guggut in improvement of histopathotogical damages is emphasized and its chondroprotective effect in vivo is highlighted

Effect of Ketamine on Apoptosis by Energy Deprivation in Astroglioma Cells using Flow Cytometry System

Apoptosis is a programmed, physiologic mode of cell death that plays an important role in tissue homeostasis. As for the central nervous system, ischemic insults can induce pathophysiologic cascade of apoptosis in neurophils. Impairment of astroctye functions during brain ischemia can critically influence neuron survival by neuronglia interactions. We aimed to elucidate the protective effect of ketamine on apoptosis by energy deprivation in astrocytes. Ischemic insults was induced with iodoacetate/ carbonylcyanide mchlorophenylhydrazone (IAA/CCCP) 1.5 mM/ 20 micrometer or 150 micrometer/2 micrometer for 1 hr in the HTB-15 and CRL-1690 astrocytoma cells. Then these cells were reperfused with normal media or ketamine (0.1 mM) containing media for 1 hr or 24 hr. FITC-annexin-V staining and propidium iodide binding were determined by using flow cytometry. Cell size and granularity were measured by forward and side light scattering properties of flow cytometry system, respectively. An addition of keta-mine during reperfusion increased the proportion of viable cells. Ketamine alleviated cell shrinkage and increased granularity during the early period, and ameliorated cell swelling during the late reperfusion period. Ketamine may have a valuable effect on amelioration of early and late apoptosis in the astrocytoma cells, even though the exact mechanism remains to be verified.

Antitumor activities of iodoacetate and dimethylsulphoxide against solid Ehrlich carcinoma growth in mice

Treatment of tumor-bearing mice with LD12.5 values of iodoacetate; IAA (1.84 mg/100 g b.w.) and/or dimethylsulphoxide; DMSO (350 mg/100 g b.w.) significantly increased the cumulative mean survival time and percentage of survivors and reduced the mean tumor weight, compared to tumor-bearing controls, however, a more pronounced effect is recorded in the combined treatment. Also, an increase in the life span (ILS percent) and tumor growth inhibition ratio (T/C percent) are reported and amounted to 145.78 and 43.80 percent, 195.54 and 61.30 percent and 220.77 and 78.40 percent in IAA, DMSO and combined-treated groups, respectively. Results obtained from biochemical studies reveal that a single IAA treatment of tumor-bearing mice significantly increased the levels of plasma lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity, while it also significantly decreased the levels of plasma glucose and liver total protein, RNA and DNA, compared to normal controls. On the other hand, a single DMSO treatment significantly elevated the activities of blood antioxidant enzymes, i.e. glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PDH) and decreased the liver RNA and DNA levels. Combined treatment increased significantly the levels of plasma LDH and erythrocytes G6PDH activities, as well as liver glycogen, and in contrast it decreased the levels of liver total protein, RNA and DNA, compared to normal controls

Alteraciones en la regulación de tirotrofina en el hipotiroidismo congénito / Thyrotropin regulation impairments in congenital hypothyroidism

La TSH constituye uno de los marcadores más importantes para el diagnóstico y control del tratamiento de pacientes con hipotiroidismo congénito (HC). Por otra parte, es conocido desde hace muchos años que algunos niños con HC presentan desde el nacimiento una alteración del umbral de sensibilidad de su unidad hipotálamo-hipofisaria, con niveles elevados de TSH a pesar de una sustitución apropiada. Sin embargo, no existen referencias sobre alteraciones de estas características desarrolladas tardíamente en la evolución del HC. En los últimos 20 años se evaluaron 8 pacientes (7 y 1 ) que presentaban esta situación clínica con diagnóstico etiológico de disenzimia (alteración de la organificación) en 4 casos, disgenesia en 4. La edad cronológica (EC) al diagnóstico e inicio del tratamiento fue de (x y rango): 3,25 (1-8) meses y los valores pretratamiento (mediana y rango) fueron: T4 (µg/dl) = 1,28 (0,2-2,8); TSH = 50 (27-250) mUI/l. La dosis media de T4 utilizada a partir del primer año de vida fue 3,95 (3,03-6,30) µg/kg/día. Bajo tratamiento sustitutivo los pacientes mantuvieron niveles normales para su EC de T3, T4 y TSH durante 7,1 (3,2-10,4) años, a partir del cual presentaron elevación de la TSH a pesar que sus hormonas tiroideas se encontraban en el rango normal: T3 (ng/dl) = 136 (105-180), T4 = 11,1 (8,4-12,0), T4l (ng/dl) = 1,9 (1,4-2,0), TSH basal = 23,5 (14-45,5), TSH post TRH = 55 (40-90). El seguimiento de los pacientes a partir de detectarse la secreción inapropiada de TSH fue de 6,3 (2,8-9,6) años, no constatándose normalización durante dicho período en ninguno de ellos. En todos los casos se incrementó la opoterapia alcanzando valores suprafisiológicos de T4: 13,38 (12,5-15,1) y T4l: 2,16 (2,1-2,3), con manifestaciones de sobredosificación en algunos, obteniéndose la normalización de la TSH basal y post TRH sólo en 2 de ellos. El diagnóstico por imágenes de la región selar no mostró alteraciones en ninguno. En 6 casos se asoció TRIAC al tratamiento con T4 en una dosis de 350 µg (8,1-14,6 µg/kg) con lo que se obtuvo normalización de los niveles de TSH en todos ellos; no constatándose ningún efecto indeseable. Se concluye: * Parecería existir un subgrupo de pacientes con HC quienes desarrollan tardíamente una alteración en la regulación de TSH. * Esto podría reflejar una alteración adquirida en el mecanismo de regulación de la TSH, posiblemente vinculada a una relativa insensibilidad a la T4...

Effect of pH and sodium ions on intestinal uptake of lysine in rats.

Intestinal uptake of lysine in rats progressively decreased with an increase in pH from 5.2 to 8.5, both in the presence and absence of Na+ ions. At pH 5.2 lysine uptake was 30-35% more than that at neutral pH. Na+ activated lysine uptake by 40-50% at pH 5.2 and it was increased to 110-120% at neutral pH. The observed increase in lysine uptake in response to Na+ and H+ gradients was due to enhanced maximal velocity (Vmax), with little change in affinity constant (Kt). Arrhenius analysis revealed a biphasic curve for lysine uptake with transition temperature (Tc) around 20 degrees C (24 degrees C at pH 5.2 in presence of Na+). The energy of activation (Ea) below (16.1-23.4 Kcal/mole) and above (6.7-8.6 Kcal/mole) the Tc was similar at pH 5.2 and 7.0 both in the presence and absence of Na+ ions. The sensitivity of lysine uptake to various inhibitors was also dependent upon pH and Na+ ions.